彈(dan)簧的(de)腐蝕按其反應(ying)的(de)類(lei)型可分為化學(xue)腐蝕及電化學(xue)腐蝕。它們都是彈(dan)簧表(biao)面金屬原子的(de)變化或電子得(de)失變成離(li)子狀態的(de)結果。

　　如(ru)果彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)表面金屬(shu)只單(dan)純與周圍(wei)介質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反應，而彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)引(yin)起腐(fu)蝕(shi)稱化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。例如(ru)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)在(zai)特別干燥的(de)大氣中(zhong)氧化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)氧化(hua)(hua)膜(mo)，以及彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)在(zai)非電解質(zhi)(zhi)液體(ti)中(zhong)與該液體(ti)或該液體(ti)中(zhong)的(de)雜質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)等(deng)，屬(shu)于化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。

　　如(ru)果彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)接觸，由于微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)作用(yong)而產生的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)。例如(ru)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)與(yu)酸性或鹽(yan)類溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)接觸，這(zhe)類溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)都是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)，由于彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)表(biao)面的(de)缺(que)陷或雜質(zhi)等原因而形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差不同(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極以致(zhi)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)不斷受到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解腐(fu)蝕(shi)又例如(ru)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)處(chu)在潮(chao)濕大(da)(da)氣(qi)中，由于大(da)(da)氣(qi)中的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)在彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)表(biao)面上凝成水(shui)(shui)(shui)膜(mo)或水(shui)(shui)(shui)珠，加上大(da)(da)氣(qi)中的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性氣(qi)體(ti)(如(ru)工業廢氣(qi)中的(de)二氧化(hua)硫和硫化(hua)氫或海洋大(da)(da)氣(qi)中的(de)鹽(yan)霧(wu)等)溶(rong)(rong)解于水(shui)(shui)(shui)膜(mo)或水(shui)(shui)(shui)珠中形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)。再加上彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)金屬的(de)雜質(zhi)或缺(que)陷亦(yi)可形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差不同(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)亦(yi)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解腐(fu)蝕(shi)。這(zhe)些都屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)。

　　彈簧(huang)受化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)是少(shao)量(liang)的(de)、緩慢的(de)，而受電化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)是主要(yao)的(de)、普遍的(de)。但一般來講化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)與電化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)是同(tong)時存在(zai)的(de)。

　　彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧在(zai)制造、存放、使用(yong)等過程中，經常會(hui)遭受(shou)周(zhou)圍介質(zhi)的(de)腐蝕(shi)。由(you)于彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧在(zai)工(gong)作時是靠彈(dan)(dan)(dan)力發(fa)揮作用(yong)，彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧被(bei)腐蝕(shi)后彈(dan)(dan)(dan)力會(hui)發(fa)生改變而喪失功能。所以防止(zhi)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧的(de)腐蝕(shi)可以保(bao)證(zheng)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧的(de)工(gong)作穩定，并延長其使用(yong)壽命。

　　彈簧的防腐方(fang)法(fa)一般采用保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)，根據保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)的性質可分為：金(jin)屬(shu)保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)、化學保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)、非金(jin)屬(shu)保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)和(he)暫(zan)時性保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)等，在此著重介紹前三種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)。